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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsFalkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure - 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products - fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports - 5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3 3


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area total:
5 sq km

land:
5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population
Budget - revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital - Stanley
Climate tropical cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline 74.1 km 1,288 km
Constitution - 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form:
Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency - Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international none claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient - none
Economy - overview no economic activity The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption - 11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues NA overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups - British
Exchange rates - Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports - $7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities - wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP - purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate - 1%
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways - total: 550 km


paved: at least 50 km


unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities - fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners - UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate - NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation - ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1993) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force - 1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (all grass and sand)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages - English
Legal system the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth - total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references Southeast Asia South America
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
12 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 continental shelf: 200 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality - noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources fish fish, wildlife
Net migration rate - NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders - none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)		 2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Stanley
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use - NA
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain low with sand and coral rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate - full employment; labor shortage
Waterways none none
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